Spring进阶 - Spring AOP实现原理详解之Cglib代理实现

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Spring进阶 - Spring AOP实现原理详解之Cglib代理实现

我们在前文中已经介绍了SpringAOP的切面实现和创建动态代理的过程,那么动态代理是如何工作的呢?本文主要介绍Cglib动态代理的案例和SpringAOP实现的原理。@pdai

引入

我们在前文中已经介绍了SpringAOP的切面实现和创建动态代理的过程,那么动态代理是如何工作的呢?本文主要介绍Cglib动态代理的案例和SpringAOP实现的原理。

要了解动态代理是如何工作的,首先需要了解

  • 什么是代理模式?
  • 什么是动态代理?
  • 什么是Cglib?
  • SpringAOP和Cglib是什么关系?

动态代理要解决什么问题?

什么是代理?

代理模式(Proxy pattern): 为另一个对象提供一个替身或占位符以控制对这个对象的访问

a6c20f60-5eba-427d-9413-352ada4b40fe.png 举个简单的例子: 我(client)如果要买(doOperation)房,可以找中介(proxy)买房,中介直接和卖方(target)买房。中介和卖方都实现买卖(doOperation)的操作。中介就是代理(proxy)。

什么是动态代理?

动态代理就是,在程序运行期,创建目标对象的代理对象,并对目标对象中的方法进行功能性增强的一种技术。

在生成代理对象的过程中,目标对象不变,代理对象中的方法是目标对象方法的增强方法。可以理解为运行期间,对象中方法的动态拦截,在拦截方法的前后执行功能操作。

spring-springframework-aop-61.png
spring-springframework-aop-61.png

什么是Cglib? SpringAOP和Cglib是什么关系?

Cglib是一个强大的、高性能的代码生成包,它广泛被许多AOP框架使用,为他们提供方法的拦截。

spring-springframework-aop-62.png
spring-springframework-aop-62.png
  • 最底层是字节码,字节码相关的知识请参考 JVM基础 - 类字节码详解

  • ASM是操作字节码的工具

  • cglib基于ASM字节码工具操作字节码(即动态生成代理,对方法进行增强)

  • SpringAOP基于cglib进行封装,实现cglib方式的动态代理

Cglib代理的案例

这里我们写一个使用cglib的简单例子。@pdai

pom包依赖

引入cglib的依赖包

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>tech-pdai-spring-demos</artifactId>
            <groupId>tech.pdai</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <artifactId>007-spring-framework-demo-aop-proxy-cglib</artifactId>

        <properties>
            <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        </properties>

        <dependencies>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cglib</groupId>
                <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

    </project>

定义实体

User

    package tech.pdai.springframework.entity;

    /** * @author pdai */
    public class User {

        /** * user's name. */
        private String name;

        /** * user's age. */
        private int age;

        /** * init. * * @param name name * @param age age */
        public User(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }

被代理的类

即目标类, 对被代理的类中的方法进行增强

    package tech.pdai.springframework.service;

    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.List;

    import tech.pdai.springframework.entity.User;

    /** * @author pdai */
    public class UserServiceImpl {

        /** * find user list. * * @return user list */
        public List<User> findUserList() {
            return Collections.singletonList(new User("pdai", 18));
        }

        /** * add user */
        public void addUser() {
            // do something
        }

    }

cglib代理

cglib代理类,需要实现MethodInterceptor接口,并指定代理目标类target

    package tech.pdai.springframework.proxy;

    import java.lang.reflect.Method;

    import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
    import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
    import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;

    /** * This class is for proxy demo. * * @author pdai */
    public class UserLogProxy implements MethodInterceptor {

        /** * 业务类对象,供代理方法中进行真正的业务方法调用 */
        private Object target;

        public Object getUserLogProxy(Object target) {
            //给业务对象赋值
            this.target = target;
            //创建加强器,用来创建动态代理类
            Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
            //为加强器指定要代理的业务类(即:为下面生成的代理类指定父类)
            enhancer.setSuperclass(this.target.getClass());
            //设置回调:对于代理类上所有方法的调用,都会调用CallBack,而Callback则需要实现intercept()方法进行拦
            enhancer.setCallback(this);
            // 创建动态代理类对象并返回
            return enhancer.create();
        }

        // 实现回调方法
        @Override
        public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
            // log - before method
            System.out.println("[before] execute method: " + method.getName());

            // call method
            Object result = proxy.invokeSuper(obj, args);

            // log - after method
            System.out.println("[after] execute method: " + method.getName() + ", return value: " + result);
            return null;
        }
    }

使用代理

启动类中指定代理目标并执行。

    package tech.pdai.springframework;

    import tech.pdai.springframework.proxy.UserLogProxy;
    import tech.pdai.springframework.service.UserServiceImpl;

    /** * Cglib proxy demo. * * @author pdai */
    public class ProxyDemo {

        /** * main interface. * * @param args args */
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // proxy
            UserServiceImpl userService = (UserServiceImpl) new UserLogProxy().getUserLogProxy(new UserServiceImpl());

            // call methods
            userService.findUserList();
            userService.addUser();
        }
    }

简单测试

我们启动上述类main 函数,执行的结果如下:

    [before] execute method: findUserList
    [after] execute method: findUserList, return value: [User{name='pdai', age=18}]
    [before] execute method: addUser
    [after] execute method: addUser, return value: null

Cglib代理的流程

我们把上述Demo的主要流程画出来,你便能很快理解

spring-springframework-aop-63.png 更多细节:

  • 在上图中,我们可以通过在Enhancer中配置更多的参数来控制代理的行为,比如如果只希望增强这个类中的一个方法(而不是所有方法),那就增加callbackFilter来对目标类中方法进行过滤;Enhancer可以有更多的参数类配置其行为,不过我们在学习上述主要的流程就够了。
  • final方法为什么不能被代理?很显然final方法没法被子类覆盖,当然不能代理了。
  • Mockito为什么不能mock静态方法?因为mockito也是基于cglib动态代理来实现的,static方法也不能被子类覆盖,所以显然不能mock。但PowerMock可以mock静态方法,因为它直接在bytecode上工作,更多可以看Mockito单元测试 。(pdai: 通了没?是不是so easy...)

SpringAOP中Cglib代理的实现

SpringAOP封装了cglib,通过其进行动态代理的创建。

我们看下CglibAopProxy的getProxy方法

    @Override
    public Object getProxy() {
      return getProxy(null);
    }

    @Override
    public Object getProxy(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
      if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Creating CGLIB proxy: " + this.advised.getTargetSource());
      }

      try {
        Class<?> rootClass = this.advised.getTargetClass();
        Assert.state(rootClass != null, "Target class must be available for creating a CGLIB proxy");

        // 上面流程图中的目标类
        Class<?> proxySuperClass = rootClass;
        if (rootClass.getName().contains(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR)) {
          proxySuperClass = rootClass.getSuperclass();
          Class<?>[] additionalInterfaces = rootClass.getInterfaces();
          for (Class<?> additionalInterface : additionalInterfaces) {
            this.advised.addInterface(additionalInterface);
          }
        }

        // Validate the class, writing log messages as necessary.
        validateClassIfNecessary(proxySuperClass, classLoader);

        // 重点看这里,就是上图的enhancer,设置各种参数来构建
        Enhancer enhancer = createEnhancer();
        if (classLoader != null) {
          enhancer.setClassLoader(classLoader);
          if (classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader &&
              ((SmartClassLoader) classLoader).isClassReloadable(proxySuperClass)) {
            enhancer.setUseCache(false);
          }
        }
        enhancer.setSuperclass(proxySuperClass);
        enhancer.setInterfaces(AopProxyUtils.completeProxiedInterfaces(this.advised));
        enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
        enhancer.setStrategy(new ClassLoaderAwareGeneratorStrategy(classLoader));

        // 设置callback回调接口,即方法的增强点
        Callback[] callbacks = getCallbacks(rootClass);
        Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[callbacks.length];
        for (int x = 0; x < types.length; x++) {
          types[x] = callbacks[x].getClass();
        }
        // 上节说到的filter
        enhancer.setCallbackFilter(new ProxyCallbackFilter(
            this.advised.getConfigurationOnlyCopy(), this.fixedInterceptorMap, this.fixedInterceptorOffset));
        enhancer.setCallbackTypes(types);

        // 重点:创建proxy和其实例
        return createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);
      }
      catch (CodeGenerationException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        throw new AopConfigException("Could not generate CGLIB subclass of " + this.advised.getTargetClass() +
            ": Common causes of this problem include using a final class or a non-visible class",
            ex);
      }
      catch (Throwable ex) {
        // TargetSource.getTarget() failed
        throw new AopConfigException("Unexpected AOP exception", ex);
      }
    }

获取callback的方法如下,提几个理解的要点吧,具体读者在学习的时候建议把我的例子跑一下,然后打一个断点进行理解。

  • rootClass: 即目标代理类
  • advised: 包含上文中我们获取到的advisor增强器的集合
  • exposeProxy: 在xml配置文件中配置的,背景就是如果在事务A中使用了代理,事务A调用了目标类的的方法a,在方法a中又调用目标类的方法b,方法a,b同时都是要被增强的方法,如果不配置exposeProxy属性,方法b的增强将会失效,如果配置exposeProxy,方法b在方法a的执行中也会被增强了
  • DynamicAdvisedInterceptor: 拦截器将advised(包含上文中我们获取到的advisor增强器)构建配置的AOP的callback(第一个callback)
  • targetInterceptor: xml配置的optimize属性使用的(第二个callback)
  • 最后连同其它5个默认的Interceptor 返回作为cglib的拦截器链,之后通过CallbackFilter的accpet方法返回的索引从这个集合中返回对应的拦截增强器执行增强操作。
    private Callback[] getCallbacks(Class<?> rootClass) throws Exception {
      // Parameters used for optimization choices...
      boolean exposeProxy = this.advised.isExposeProxy();
      boolean isFrozen = this.advised.isFrozen();
      boolean isStatic = this.advised.getTargetSource().isStatic();

      // Choose an "aop" interceptor (used for AOP calls).
      Callback aopInterceptor = new DynamicAdvisedInterceptor(this.advised);

      // Choose a "straight to target" interceptor. (used for calls that are
      // unadvised but can return this). May be required to expose the proxy.
      Callback targetInterceptor;
      if (exposeProxy) {
        targetInterceptor = (isStatic ?
            new StaticUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) :
            new DynamicUnadvisedExposedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()));
      }
      else {
        targetInterceptor = (isStatic ?
            new StaticUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) :
            new DynamicUnadvisedInterceptor(this.advised.getTargetSource()));
      }

      // Choose a "direct to target" dispatcher (used for
      // unadvised calls to static targets that cannot return this).
      Callback targetDispatcher = (isStatic ?
          new StaticDispatcher(this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget()) : new SerializableNoOp());

      Callback[] mainCallbacks = new Callback[] {
          aopInterceptor,  // 
          targetInterceptor,  // invoke target without considering advice, if optimized
          new SerializableNoOp(),  // no override for methods mapped to this
          targetDispatcher, this.advisedDispatcher,
          new EqualsInterceptor(this.advised),
          new HashCodeInterceptor(this.advised)
      };

      Callback[] callbacks;

      // If the target is a static one and the advice chain is frozen,
      // then we can make some optimizations by sending the AOP calls
      // direct to the target using the fixed chain for that method.
      if (isStatic && isFrozen) {
        Method[] methods = rootClass.getMethods();
        Callback[] fixedCallbacks = new Callback[methods.length];
        this.fixedInterceptorMap = CollectionUtils.newHashMap(methods.length);

        // TODO: small memory optimization here (can skip creation for methods with no advice)
        for (int x = 0; x < methods.length; x++) {
          Method method = methods[x];
          List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, rootClass);
          fixedCallbacks[x] = new FixedChainStaticTargetInterceptor(
              chain, this.advised.getTargetSource().getTarget(), this.advised.getTargetClass());
          this.fixedInterceptorMap.put(method, x);
        }

        // Now copy both the callbacks from mainCallbacks
        // and fixedCallbacks into the callbacks array.
        callbacks = new Callback[mainCallbacks.length + fixedCallbacks.length];
        System.arraycopy(mainCallbacks, 0, callbacks, 0, mainCallbacks.length);
        System.arraycopy(fixedCallbacks, 0, callbacks, mainCallbacks.length, fixedCallbacks.length);
        this.fixedInterceptorOffset = mainCallbacks.length;
      }
      else {
        callbacks = mainCallbacks;
      }
      return callbacks;
    }

可以结合调试,方便理解

spring-springframework-aop-64.png
spring-springframework-aop-64.png

示例源码

https://github.com/realpdai/tech-pdai-spring-demos

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贡献者: javatodo