Spring进阶 - SpringMVC实现原理之DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程
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Spring进阶 - SpringMVC实现原理之DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程
前文我们有了IOC的源码基础以及SpringMVC的基础，我们便可以进一步深入理解SpringMVC主要实现原理，包含DispatcherServlet的初始化过程和DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程的源码解析。本文是第二篇：DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程的源码解析。@pdai
DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程？
一个请求发出，经过DispatcherServlet进行了什么样的处理，最后将内容返回的呢？
回顾整理处理流程
首先让我们整体看一下Spring Web MVC 处理请求的流程：
核心架构的具体流程步骤如下：
- 首先用户发送请求——>DispatcherServlet，前端控制器收到请求后自己不进行处理，而是委托给其他的解析器进行 处理，作为统一访问点，进行全局的流程控制；
- DispatcherServlet——>HandlerMapping， HandlerMapping 将会把请求映射为 HandlerExecutionChain 对象（包含一 个Handler 处理器（页面控制器）对象、多个HandlerInterceptor 拦截器）对象，通过这种策略模式，很容易添加新 的映射策略；
- DispatcherServlet——>HandlerAdapter，HandlerAdapter 将会把处理器包装为适配器，从而支持多种类型的处理器， 即适配器设计模式的应用，从而很容易支持很多类型的处理器；
- HandlerAdapter——>处理器功能处理方法的调用，HandlerAdapter 将会根据适配的结果调用真正的处理器的功能处 理方法，完成功能处理；并返回一个ModelAndView 对象（包含模型数据、逻辑视图名）；
- ModelAndView 的逻辑视图名——> ViewResolver，ViewResolver 将把逻辑视图名解析为具体的View，通过这种策 略模式，很容易更换其他视图技术；
- View——>渲染，View 会根据传进来的Model 模型数据进行渲染，此处的Model 实际是一个Map 数据结构，因此 很容易支持其他视图技术；
- 返回控制权给DispatcherServlet，由DispatcherServlet 返回响应给用户，到此一个流程结束。
doGet入口
我们以上个demo中这个GET请求为例，请求URL是http://localhost:8080/011_spring_framework_demo_springmvc_war_exploded/user
我们知道servlet处理get请求是doGet方法，所以我们去找DispatcherServlet类结构中的doGet方法。
@Override
protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
processRequest处理请求的方法如下：
/** * Process this request, publishing an event regardless of the outcome. * <p>The actual event handling is performed by the abstract * {@link #doService} template method. */
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 计算处理请求的时间
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
// 初始化context
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
try {
// 看这里
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
// 重置context
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
本质上就是调用doService方法，由DispatchServlet类实现
/** * Exposes the DispatcherServlet-specific request attributes and delegates to {@link #doDispatch} * for the actual dispatching. */
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logRequest(request);
// 保存下请求之前的参数.
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// 方便后续 handlers 和 view 要使用它们.
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
}
RequestPath previousRequestPath = null;
if (this.parseRequestPath) {
previousRequestPath = (RequestPath) request.getAttribute(ServletRequestPathUtils.PATH_ATTRIBUTE);
ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request);
}
try {
// 看这里，终于将这个请求分发出去了
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
if (this.parseRequestPath) {
ServletRequestPathUtils.setParsedRequestPath(previousRequestPath, request);
}
}
}
请求分发
doDispatch方法是真正处理请求的核心方法
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
// 判断是不是文件上传类型的request
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// 根据request获取匹配的handler.
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// 根据handler获取匹配的handlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 如果handler支持last-modified头处理
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = HttpMethod.GET.matches(method);
if (isGet || HttpMethod.HEAD.matches(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// 真正handle处理，并返回modelAndView
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
// 通过视图的prefix和postfix获取完整的视图名
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
// 应用后置的拦截器
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
// 处理handler处理的结果，显然就是对ModelAndView 或者 出现的Excpetion处理
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
映射和适配器处理
对于真正的handle方法，我们看下其处理流程
/** * This implementation expects the handler to be an {@link HandlerMethod}. */
@Override
@Nullable
public final ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
return handleInternal(request, response, (HandlerMethod) handler);
}
交给handleInternal方法处理，以RequestMappingHandlerAdapter这个HandlerAdapter中的处理方法为例
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav;
checkRequest(request);
// Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required.
if (this.synchronizeOnSession) {
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
Object mutex = WebUtils.getSessionMutex(session);
synchronized (mutex) {
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
}
}
else {
// No HttpSession available -> no mutex necessary
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
}
}
else {
// No synchronization on session demanded at all...
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
}
if (!response.containsHeader(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) {
if (getSessionAttributesHandler(handlerMethod).hasSessionAttributes()) {
applyCacheSeconds(response, this.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers);
}
else {
prepareResponse(response);
}
}
return mav;
}
然后执行invokeHandlerMethod这个方法，用来对RequestMapping（usercontroller中的list方法）进行处理
/** * Invoke the {@link RequestMapping} handler method preparing a {@link ModelAndView} * if view resolution is required. * @since 4.2 * @see #createInvocableHandlerMethod(HandlerMethod) */
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
// 重要：设置handler(controller#list)方法上的参数，返回值处理，绑定databinder等
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
}
invocableMethod.setDataBinderFactory(binderFactory);
invocableMethod.setParameterNameDiscoverer(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer();
mavContainer.addAllAttributes(RequestContextUtils.getInputFlashMap(request));
modelFactory.initModel(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod);
mavContainer.setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect(this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect);
AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest = WebAsyncUtils.createAsyncWebRequest(request, response);
asyncWebRequest.setTimeout(this.asyncRequestTimeout);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.setTaskExecutor(this.taskExecutor);
asyncManager.setAsyncWebRequest(asyncWebRequest);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptors(this.callableInterceptors);
asyncManager.registerDeferredResultInterceptors(this.deferredResultInterceptors);
if (asyncManager.hasConcurrentResult()) {
Object result = asyncManager.getConcurrentResult();
mavContainer = (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.getConcurrentResultContext()[0];
asyncManager.clearConcurrentResult();
LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> {
String formatted = LogFormatUtils.formatValue(result, !traceOn);
return "Resume with async result [" + formatted + "]";
});
invocableMethod = invocableMethod.wrapConcurrentResult(result);
}
// 执行controller中方法
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return null;
}
return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}
finally {
webRequest.requestCompleted();
}
}
invokeAndHandle交给UserController中具体执行list方法执行
后续invoke执行的方法，直接看整个请求流程的调用链即可
执行后获得视图和Model
视图渲染
接下来继续执行processDispatchResult方法，对视图和model（如果有异常则对异常处理）进行处理（显然就是渲染页面了）
/** * Handle the result of handler selection and handler invocation, which is * either a ModelAndView or an Exception to be resolved to a ModelAndView. */
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
// 如果处理过程有异常，则异常处理
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
// 是否需要渲染视图
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
render(mv, request, response); // 渲染视图
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
}
}
if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Concurrent handling started during a forward
return;
}
if (mappedHandler != null) {
// Exception (if any) is already handled..
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
}
}
接下来显然就是渲染视图了, spring在initStrategies方法中初始化的组件（LocaleResovler等）就派上用场了。
/** * Render the given ModelAndView. * <p>This is the last stage in handling a request. It may involve resolving the view by name. * @param mv the ModelAndView to render * @param request current HTTP servlet request * @param response current HTTP servlet response * @throws ServletException if view is missing or cannot be resolved * @throws Exception if there's a problem rendering the view */
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// Determine locale for request and apply it to the response.
Locale locale =
(this.localeResolver != null ? this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request) : request.getLocale());
response.setLocale(locale);
View view;
String viewName = mv.getViewName();
if (viewName != null) {
// We need to resolve the view name.
view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
"' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
else {
// No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object.
view = mv.getView();
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
"View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
// Delegate to the View object for rendering.
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Rendering view [" + view + "] ");
}
try {
if (mv.getStatus() != null) {
response.setStatus(mv.getStatus().value());
}
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Error rendering view [" + view + "]", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
后续就是通过viewResolver进行解析了，这里就不再继续看代码了，上述流程基本上够帮助你构建相关的认知了。 最后无非是返回控制权给DispatcherServlet，由DispatcherServlet 返回响应给用户。 最后的最后我们看下请求的日志：
21:45:53.390 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/011_spring_framework_demo_springmvc_war_exploded/user", parameters={}
21:45:53.400 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to tech.pdai.springframework.springmvc.controller.UserController#list(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
22:51:14.504 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView - View name 'userList', model {dateTime=Fri Apr 22 21:45:53 CST 2022, userList=[tech.pdai.springframework.springmvc.entity.User@7b8c8dc]}
22:51:14.550 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView - Forwarding to [/WEB-INF/views/userList.jsp]
22:51:44.395 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK